The Superiority of the Main Character in Wanasītu Annī Imra’ah: A Study of Alfred Adler’s Personality Psychology

Authors

  • Fajriaty Jamiyl Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang, Indonesia - Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Yulfira Riza Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang, Indonesia
  • Melisa Rezi Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37108/ukazh.v1i1.1904

Keywords:

Superiority, Wanasῑtū Annī Imra’ah, Personality Psychology, Alfred Adler

Abstract

This research discusses the superiority of the main character in the novel Wanasῑtū Annī Imra’ah with the approach of Alfred Adler’s personality psychology theory. This study aims to reveal the struggle of the main character (Suad) in achieving superiority in himself. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The research data source is the novel Wanasῑtū Annī Imra’ah by Ihsan Abdul Quddus. Data were collected by observing and recapitulating conversations that contain elements of female superiority. Then, it was analyzed using Alfred Adler’s personality psychology theory. The results of this study show the superiority that exists in the main character (Suad) based on Adler’s individual psychology theory. Su’ad managed to achieve superiority in himself fulfilling three principles of the direction of the struggle towards superiority; Style of Life which is seen directly from the character of the main character who is ambitious and brave. Then the mindset and values of superiority from within her who has a more empowered style than Egyptian women in general. Creative Self is seen when Suad dares to make her own life choices to be free from confinement by mobilizing the masses, fighting colonialism, even achieving and having a career in a patriarchal culture. Finally, the struggle for compensation in life is seen when the main character reduces her weakness that is difficult to feel safe by getting married.

References

Al-Ayubbi, S. (2016). Pengaruh Perang Dunia II Terhadap Revolusi Mesir 1952. Buletin Al-Turas, 22(2), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v22i2.4045

Allam, N. (2018). Activism Amid disappointment: Women’s Groups and the Politics of Hope in Egypt. Middle East Law and Governance, 10(3), 291–316. https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-01003004

Al-Quddus, I. M. A. (2016). وتسيت اني امراة (p. 152). al-Dar al-Misriyah al-Lubnaniyah. https://tinyurl.com/9ydxucdr

Anisah, N. F., Fauzi, A., & Raziq, L. (2023). After Amin: Hijab in Egyptian Feminists Exegesis. Jurnal Studi Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 2(2), 216–232. https://doi.org/10.59005/jsqt.v2i2.246

Ansari, N., Moradi, L., & Naghdeali, L. S. (2022). Representation of Family from the Radical Feminist and Islam Perspectives in Arabic Novel Case Study : A Novel Titled” Zainab bint Al-Ajaweed” by Khawla Al-Qazwini. Studies on Arabic Language and Literature, 13(35). 31-56. https://doi.org/10.22075/lasem.2022.26886.1332

Arianty, M. W., Rohanda, R., & Budiharjo, I. G. (2020). Ideologi Patriarki dalam Novel Wa Nasitu Anni Imra’ah Karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus. Hijai - Journal on Arabic Language and Literature, 3(1), 10–27. https://doi.org/10.15575/hijai.v3i1.8779

Asmawati, Ulya, R. H., & Jasril, J. (2023). A Sociological and Mimesis Studies on the Forms of Social Issues and Critique in Indonesian Novels. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3), 2674–2689. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.3159

Balla, M. (2019). A Case Study of Social Embeddedness and Social Responsibility: Alfred and Raissa Epshtein Adler’s Movement From Minus to Plus. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 75(4), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1353/JIP.2019.0016

Bardaouil, S. (2016). Surrealism in Egypt: Modernism and the Art and Liberty Group - Sam Bardaouil - Google Buku. In Bloomsbury Publishing. Bloomsbury Publishing. https://lnk.ink/Surrealism-in-Egypt

Beninger, S., Ajjan, H., Mostafa, R. B., & Crittenden, V. L. (2016). A road to Empowerment: Social Media Use by Women Entrepreneurs in Egypt. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 27(2–3), 308–332. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2016.073987

Brown, L., & Osman, H. (2017). The Female Tourist Experience in Egypt as an Islamic Destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 63, 12–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.12.005

Crann, S. E., Senn, C. Y., Radtke, H. L., & Hobden, K. L. (2022). “I Felt Powerful and Confident”: Women’s Use of What They Learned in Feminist Sexual Assault Resistance Education. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 46(2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843211043948

Deb, B. (2016). Cutting Across Imperial Feminisms Toward Transnational Feminist Solidarities. Meridians, 13(2), 164–188. https://doi.org/10.2979/meridians.13.2.09

Elbanna, M. (2025). The Existence of Career Women in Egypt from a Social Cultural and Economic Perspective. SICOPUS (Solo International Collaboration and Publication of Social Sciences and Humanities) 3(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.61455/sicopus.v3i01.221

Elnakib, S., Elsallab, M., Wanis, M. A., Elshiwy, S., Krishnapalan, N. P., & Naja, N. A. (2022). Understanding the Impacts of Child Marriage on the Health and Well-Being of Adolescent Girls and Young Women Residing in Urban Areas in Egypt. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01315-4

Elnakib, S., Hussein, S. A., Hafez, S., Elsallab, M., Hunersen, K., Metzler, J., & Robinson, W. C. (2021). Drivers and Consequences of Child Marriage in a Context of Protracted Displacement: a Qualitative Study among Syrian Refugees in Egypt. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10718-8

El-Mallakh, N., Maurel, M., & Speciale, B. (2018). Arab spring protests and women’s labor market outcomes: Evidence from the Egyptian revolution. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(2), 656–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCE.2017.12.004

Erbaş, M. M. (2023). Adlerian Therapy: A General Review. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Education, 7(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiape.2023.567.3

Farsi, I. (2022). The Basic Principles of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies, 2(7), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.2.7.2022.004

Fleischmann, E. L. (2018). The Other “Awakening”: The Emergence of Women’s Movements in the Modern Middle East, 1900–1940. In Social History of Women and Gender in the Modern Middle East (pp. 89–139). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429502606-4

Gekoski, A., Gray, J. M., Adler, J. R., & Horvath, M. A. H. (2017). The prevalence and nature of sexual harassment and assault against women and girls on public transport: an international review. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, 3(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JCRPP-08-2016-0016

Hafez, S. (2014). The Revolution Shall Not Pass Through Women’s Bodies: Egypt, Uprising and Gender Politics. The Journal of North African Studies, 19(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2013.879710

Hamid, M. A., Basid, A., & Aulia, I. N. (2021). The Reconstruction of Arab Women Role in Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00809-0

Hidayatullah, R. (2024). Aliran Realisme Sosial dalam Bait Puisi Hafiz Ibrahim: Kajian Strata Norma Roman Ingarden. Nady Al-Adab : Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 21(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.20956/JNA.V21I2.32334

Ibrahim, M. (2021). Biancani Francesca, Sex Work in Colonial Egypt: Women, Modernity and the Global Economy. Égypte/Monde Arabe, 23, 207–209. https://doi.org/10.4000/ema.14814

Irmayani, Rahman, F., Amir, M. P., & Abbas, H. (2024). Woman Struggle in “Woman at Point Zero” Novel By Nawal El Saadawi: Radical and Liberal Feminism Perspective. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Linguistics and Culture (ICLC-4 2023), 229–235. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-251-4_33

Jamshidi, F., & Meymandi, V. (2023). Studying Verbal Signs of Feeling of Inferiority at Ali Fouda’s Poetry from Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology Approach Viewpoint [In Persian]. Journal of Studies in Applied Language, 6(3), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.61186/jsal.6.3.25

Khalil, R., Moustafa, A. A., Moftah, M. Z., & Karim, A. A. (2017). How Knowledge of Ancient Egyptian Women Can Influence Today’s Gender Role: Does History Matter in Gender Psychology? Frontiers in Psychology, 7(JAN), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02053

Layalin, N., Mulyaningsih, I., & Kamaluddin, U. (2024). Kritik Sastra Feminis Dalam Novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan Karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus. Deiksis : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 10(1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.33603/hj8c3q44

Lim, M. (2018). Roots, Routes, and Routers: Communications and Media of Contemporary Social Movements. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 20(2), 92–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1522637918770419

Lucas, J. M., & Ordeniza, S. (2023). Representation of Women in Literature Through Different Era. Technoarete Transactions on Language and Linguistics, 2(1). 6-10. https://doi.org/10.36647/TTLL/02.01.A002

Mahmood, S. (2016). Feminist Theory, Embodiment, and the Docile Agent: Some Reflections on the Islamic Revival in Egypt. The Finnish Society for the Study of Religion, 42(1), 31–71. https://doi.org.10.1387/pceic.20282

Messner, M. A. (2016). Forks in the road of men’s gender politics: Men’s rights Vs feminist allies. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 5(2), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.301

Mohajan, H. K. (2022). Munich Personal RePEc Archive An Overview on the Feminism and Its Categories An Overview on the Feminism and Its Categories. In Sep (Vol. 114625, Issue 3). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/114625/

Mokodompit, R., Djeijun, W., Duslan, N. H., Kadir, H., & Zulkipli. (2023). Analisis Animus Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Aku Lupa bahwa Aku Perempuan (Kajian Psikologi Carl Gustav Jung). Jambura Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 4(2), 129–136. https://doi.org/10.37905/jjll.v4i2.20265

Mooduto, D. M. (2018). Peran Perempuan Mesir dalam Konstruk Sosial Pascakolonial. Muwazah: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 10(2), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.28918/muwazah.v10i2.9912

Muntahana, N., & Basid, A. (2022). Female Masculinity in the Novel “Wanasitu Anni Imra’Ah” By Ihsan Abdul Quddus Based on John Beynon’S Perspective. The 3rd Annual International Conferences on Language, Literature, and Media, 4, 259. https://doi.org/10.18860/aicollim.v4i1.1950

Mustaqimah, L., & Yuniawan, T. (2021). The Inferiority and Superiority of the Main Characters in Andrea Hirata’s Novels (Alfred Adler’s Psychological Studies). Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 10(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.15294/SELOKA.V10I2.44607

Raheem, S. (2023). Hegemonic Construction of Gender Structures: Analyzing Patriarchal Conflict in A Woman is No Man. Dialogues in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1), 35–43. https://dialogueshss.com/index.php/DHSS/article/view/7

Rahma, F. A., Sumiharti, S., & Masni, H. (2021). Eksistensi Perempuan dalam Novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan Karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus (Analisis Isi). Aksara: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 5(1), 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/aksara.v5i1.230

Rana, M. Q., Fahim, S., Saad, M., Lee, A., Oladinrin, O. T., & Ojo, L. D. (2024). Exploring the Underlying Barriers for the Successful Transition for Women from Higher Education to Employment in Egypt: A Focus Group Study. Social Sciences, 13(4). 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040195

Riyanti, A., Khasanah, U., Kamil, I., Dewi, N. P. J. L., & Lolowang, I. S. (2023). Why Always Women?: Gender Inequality in Rusmini’s “Kenanga” (A Feminist Criticism Study). Journal of English Culture, Language, Literature and Education, 11(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.53682/ECLUE.V11I1.5931

Rosita, E., & Yanti, P. G. (2024). Identity Negotiation and Resistance in the Short Story “Rose in the Tiger Canal”: A Review of Feminism Poscocolonial. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 4(11), 10076–10086. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i11.6415

Santoniccolo, F., Trombetta, T., Paradiso, M. N., & Rollè, L. (2023). Gender and Media Representations: A Review of the Literature on Gender Stereotypes, Objectification and Sexualization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(10), 5770. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105770

Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2013). Theories of Personality (10th ed.). Jon-David Hague. https://lnk.ink/Theories-of-Personality

Shaheryar, & Ahmed, W. (2024). Gender Discrimination Against Women: A Brief Review of Key Causes and Effects and Islamic Perspective. Al-Qawārīr, 05(02), 15–24. https://lnk.ink/Gender-Discrimination-Against-Women

Shon, P. C. H., & Barton-Bellessa, S. (2015). The Assumption of Rational Choice Theory in Alfred Adler’s Theory of Crime: Unraveling and Reconciling the Contradiction in Adlerian Theory Through Synthesis and Critique. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25(Part A), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AVB.2015.07.004

Trisnawati, D. (2016). Revolusi Mesir 23 Juli 1952: Berakhirnya Pemerintahan Raja Farouk. ISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sejarah, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v12i1.9543

Üstun, K., & Suren, A. (2022). Feminism, Historical Origins Of Feminism And Basic Concepts. Dünya İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.55543/insan.1127334

Vaughan, W. F. (1927). The Psychology of Alfred Adler. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 21(4), 358–371. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0068938

Yount, K. M., Vanderende, K. E., Dodell, S., & Cheong, Y. F. (2017). Measurement of Women’s Agency in Egypt: A National Validation Study. Physiology & Behavior, 176(1), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146515594631.Marriage

Zahoor, S., Sana, Zaibunnisa, & Zaidi, S. M. M. (2024). How Languages Constructs Gender Roles and Reflects Power Dynamics in Literature, Exploring Speech Acts, Conversational Dominance, and Stereotypes. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 7(4), 759–776. https://doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v7i4.411

Zamil, H. K., Naser, A. W., & Hashem, W. K. (2022). The Ugly Bildungsromans-Subversion, Dissent and Assertion in Toni Morrison and Latifa Al-Zayyat. Journal Educational Verkenning, 3(1), 28–36. https://hdpublication.com/index.php/jev/article/view/149

Zulfika, I. (2022). Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Novel Aku Lupa Bahwa Aku Perempuan Karya Ihsan Abdul Quddus. Aufklarung, 1(3), 147–155. https://etdci.org/journal/AUFKLARUNG/article/view/412/171

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Jamiyl, F., Riza, Y., & Rezi, M. (2025). The Superiority of the Main Character in Wanasītu Annī Imra’ah: A Study of Alfred Adler’s Personality Psychology. Ukazh: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bahasa Dan Sastra Arab, 1(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.37108/ukazh.v1i1.1904

Issue

Section

Articles